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第一篇 经济学导论 单元测验1：第一篇（ 经济学导论）
1、 Microeconomics is often called
答案: price theory.
2、 Society faces trade-offs because of
答案: scarcity.
3、 The purpose of making assumptions in economic model building is to
答案: simplify the model while keeping important details.
4、 Which of the following is true?
答案: Efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie; equality refers to how the pie is divided.
5、 The opportunity cost of an item is
答案: what you give up to get that item.
6、 Rational people make decisions at the margin by
答案: comparing marginal costs and marginal benefits.
7、 People are likely to respond to a policy change
答案: if the policy changes either the costs or benefits of their behavior.
8、 The invisible hand works to promote general well-being in the economy primarily through
答案: people’s pursuit of self-interest.
9、 Causes of market failure include
答案: externalities and market power.
10、 What is the most important factor that explains differences in living standards across countries?
答案: productivity
11、 A circular-flow diagram is a model that
答案: Both (a) and (b) are correct.
12、 Production is efficient if the economy is producing at a point
答案: on the production possibilities frontier.
13、 The opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good is shown on the production possibilities frontier as the
答案: amount of the other good that must be given up.
14、 Normative statements are
答案: claims about how the world should be.
15、 When can two countries gain from trading two goods?
答案: Two countries could gain from trading two goods under all of the above conditions.
16、 An economy’s production possibilities frontier is also its consumption possibilities frontier
答案: when the economy is self-sufficient.
17、 Absolute advantage is found by comparing different producers’
答案: input requirements per unit of output.
18、 Suppose Jim and Tom can both produce two goods: baseball bats and hockey sticks. Which of the following is not possible?
答案: Jim has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats and in the production of hockey sticks.
19、 Suppose Jim and Tom can both produce baseball bats. If Jim’s opportunity cost of producing baseball bats is lower than Tom’s opportunity cost of producing baseball bats, then
答案: Jim has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats.
20、 Trade can make everybody better off because it
答案: allows people to specialize according to comparative advantage.
21、 Economics is the study of how evenly goods and services are distributed within society.
答案: 错误
22、 If wages for accountants rose, then accountants’ leisure time would have a lower opportunity cost.
答案: 错误
23、 A marginal change is a small incremental adjustment to an existing plan of action.
答案: 正确
24、 Trade with any nation can be mutually beneficial.
答案: 正确
25、 One way that governments can improve market outcomes is to ensure that individuals are able to own and exercise control over their scarce resources.
答案: 正确
26、 Inflation increases the value of money.
答案: 错误
27、 In the circular flow diagram, payments for labor, land, and capital flow from firms to households through the markets for the factors of production.
答案: 正确
28、 Points inside the production possibilities frontier represent inefficient levels of production.
答案: 正确
29、 Interdependence among individuals and interdependence among nations are both based on the gains from trade.
答案: 正确
30、 Trade allows a country to consume outside its production possibilities frontier.
答案: 正确
31、 Microeconomics is often called
答案: price theory.
32、 The purpose of making assumptions in economic model building is to
答案: simplify the model while keeping important details.
33、 Which of the following is true?
答案: Efficiency refers to the size of the economic pie; equality refers to how the pie is divided.
34、 The opportunity cost of an item is
答案: what you give up to get that item.
35、 People are likely to respond to a policy change
答案: if the policy changes either the costs or benefits of their behavior.
36、 The invisible hand works to promote general well-being in the economy primarily through
答案: people’s pursuit of self-interest.
37、 Causes of market failure include
答案: externalities and market power.
38、 What is the most important factor that explains differences in living standards across countries?
答案: productivity
39、 A circular-flow diagram is a model that
答案: All answers are correct.
40、 The opportunity cost of obtaining more of one good is shown on the production possibilities frontier as the
答案: amount of the other good that must be given up.
41、 Normative statements are
答案: claims about how the world should be.
42、 When can two countries gain from trading two goods?
答案: Two countries could gain from trading two goods under all of the above conditions.
43、 An economy’s production possibilities frontier is also its consumption possibilities frontier
答案: when the economy is self-sufficient.
44、 Absolute advantage is found by comparing different producers’
答案: input requirements per unit of output.
45、 Suppose Jim and Tom can both produce two goods: baseball bats and hockey sticks. Which of the following is not possible?
答案: Jim has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats and in the production of hockey sticks.
46、 Suppose Jim and Tom can both produce baseball bats. If Jim’s opportunity cost of producing baseball bats is lower than Tom’s opportunity cost of producing baseball bats, then
答案: Jim has a comparative advantage in the production of baseball bats.
47、 Trade can make everybody better off because it
答案: allows people to specialize according to comparative advantage.
48、 A marginal change is a small incremental adjustment to an existing plan of action.
答案: 正确
49、 Trade with any nation can be mutually beneficial.
答案: 正确
50、 One way that governments can improve market outcomes is to ensure that individuals are able to own and exercise control over their scarce resources.
答案: 正确
51、 Inflation increases the value of money.
答案: 错误
52、 In the circular flow diagram, payments for labor, land, and capital flow from firms to households through the markets for the factors of production.
答案: 正确
53、 Points inside the production possibilities frontier represent inefficient levels of production.
答案: 正确
54、 Interdependence among individuals and interdependence among nations are both based on the gains from trade.
答案: 正确
55、 Trade allows a country to consume outside its production possibilities frontier.
答案: 正确
第二篇 供给与需求I：市场如何运行 单元测验2： 第二篇（供给与需求：市场如何运行）
1、 In a market economy, supply and demand determine
答案: both the quantity of each good produced and the price at which it is sold.
2、 The quantity demanded of a good is the amount that buyers are
答案: willing and able to purchase.
3、 A decrease in quantity demanded
答案: results in a movement upward and to the left along a demand curve.
4、 Adam Smith suggested that an invisible had guides market economies. In this analogy, what is the baton that the invisible hand uses to conduct the economic orchestra?
答案: prices
5、 Elasticity is
答案: a measure of how much buyers and sellers respond to changes in market conditions.
6、 Suppose there is a 6 percent increase in the price of good X and a resulting 6 percent decrease in the quantity of X demanded. Price elasticity of demand for X is
答案: 1.
7、 Goods with many close substitutes tend to have
答案: more elastic demands.
8、 If two goods are substitutes, their cross-price elasticity will be
答案: positive.
9、 A price ceiling is binding when it is set
答案: below the equilibrium price, causing a shortage.
10、 If the government wants to reduce smoking, it should impose a tax on
答案: either buyers or sellers of cigarettes.
11、 If something happens to alter the quantity demanded at any given price, then the demand curve shifts.
答案: 正确
12、 If orange juice and apple juice are substitutes, an increase in the price of orange juice will shift the demand curve for apple juice to the left.
答案: 错误
13、 In general, demand curves for necessities tend to be price elastic.
答案: 错误
14、 Price elasticity of demand along a linear, downward-sloping demand curve increases as price falls.
答案: 错误
15、 When demand is inelastic, a decrease in price increases total revenue.
答案: 错误
16、 Normal goods have negative income elasticities of demand, while inferior goods have positive income elasticities of demand.
答案: 错误
17、 At the equilibrium price, the quantity that buyers want to buy exactly equals the quantity that sellers want to sell.
答案: 正确
18、 The effects of rent control in the long run include lower rents and lower-quality housing.
答案: 正确
19、 Not all sellers benefit from a binding price floor.
答案: 正确
20、 Who bears the majority of a tax burden depends on whether the tax is placed on the buyers or the sellers.
答案: 错误
第三篇 供给与需求II：市场与福利 单元测验3：第三篇（供给与需求II：市场与福利）
1、 Welfare economics is the study of
答案: how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being.
2、 Consumer surplus is
答案: the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually pays for it.
3、 If a consumer places a value of $20 on a particular good and if the price of the good is $25, then the
答案: consumer does not purchase the good.
4、 If Gina sells a shirt for $40, and her producer surplus from the sale is $32, her cost must have been
答案: $8.
5、 Inefficiency exists in an economy when a good is
答案: not being consumed by buyers who value it most highly.
6、 When a tax is imposed on a good, the
答案: equilibrium quantity of the good always decreases.
7、 Taxes cause deadweight losses because they
答案: All of the above are correct.
8、 The deadweight loss from a $3 tax will be largest in a market with
答案: elastic supply and elastic demand.
9、 The before-trade price of fish in Denmark is $10.00 per pound. The world price of fish is $6.00 per pound. Denmark is a price-taker in the fish market. If Denmark begins to allow trade in fish, its consumers of fish will become
答案: better off, its producers of fish will become worse off, and on balance the citizens of Denmark will become better off.
10、 Suppose Iran imposes a tariff on lumber. For the tariff to have any effect, it must be the case that
答案: the world price without the tariff is less than the price of lumber without trade.
11、 Which of the following is correct?
答案: Total surplus is measured as the area below the demand curve and above the supply curve, up to the equilibrium quantity
12、 If an allocation of resources is efficient, then
答案: all potential gains from trade among buyers are sellers are being realized
13、 The “invisible hand” refers to
答案: the marketplace guiding the self-interests of market participants into promoting general economic well-being.
14、 Suppose that the equilibrium price in the market for widgets is $5. If a law increased the minimum legal price for widgets to $6,
答案: any possible increase in producer surplus would be smaller than the loss of consumer surplus.
15、 If a market is allowed to adjust freely to its equilibrium price and quantity, then an increase in demand will
答案: increase producer surplus.
16、 Inefficiency can be caused in a market by the presence of
答案: All of the above are correct.
17、 Market failure is the inability of
答案: some unregulated markets to allocate resources efficiently
18、 If the current allocation of resources in the market for hammers is inefficient, then it must be the case that
答案: the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus could be increased by moving to a different allocation of resources.
19、 Coffee and tea are substitutes. Bad weather that sharply reduces the coffee bean harvest would
答案: decrease consumer surplus in the market for coffee and increase producer surplus in the market for tea.
20、 Many economists believe that restrictions against ticket scalping result in each of the following except
答案: shorter lines at cultural and sporting events.
21、 Consumer surplus is the amount a buyer is willing to pay for a good minus the amount the buyer actually has to pay for it.
答案: 正确
22、 Consumer surplus measures the benefit to buyers of participating in a market.
答案: 正确
23、 Consumer surplus can be measured as the area between the demand curve and the equilibrium price.
答案: 正确
24、 Consumer surplus can be measured as the area between the demand curve and the supply curve
答案: 错误
25、 All else equal, an increase in supply will cause an increase in consumer surplus
答案: 正确
26、 All else equal, an increase in demand will always increase consumer surplus
答案: 错误
27、 All else equal, an increase in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus
答案: 正确
28、 All else equal, a decrease in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus
答案: 错误
29、 The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.
答案: 正确
30、 All else equal, a decrease in demand will cause an increase in producer surplus.
答案: 错误
31、 The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market
答案: 正确
32、 The area below the demand curve and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.
答案: 错误
33、 If the government imposes a binding price ceiling in a market, then the producer surplus in that market will increase.
答案: 错误
34、 The lower the price, the lower the producer surplus, all else equal.
答案: 正确
35、 Economists generally believe that, although there may be advantages to society from ticket-scalping, the costs to society of this activity outweigh the benefits.
答案: 错误
36、 Economists argue that restrictions against ticket scalping actually drive up the cost of many tickets.
答案: 正确
37、 Efficiency is related to the size of the economic pie, whereas equality is related to how the pie gets sliced and distributed
答案: 正确
38、 The current policy on kidney donation effectively sets a price ceiling of zero.
答案: 正确
39、 If a market is in equilibrium, then it is impossible for a social planner to raise economic welfare by increasing or decreasing the quantity of the good
答案: 正确
40、 Unless markets are perfectly competitive, they may fail to maximize the total benefits to buyers and sellers.
答案: 正确
第四篇 公共部门经济学 单元测验4：第四篇（公共部门经济学）
1、 An externality is
答案: the uncompensated impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander.
2、 Which of the following statements is correct?
答案: Government should tax goods with negative externalities and subsidize goods with positive externalities.
3、 Markets are often inefficient when negative externalities are present because
答案: social costs exceed private costs at the private market solution.
4、 The best remedy for market failure is often
答案: a market-based solution.
5、 The Coase theorem suggests that private markets may not be able to solve the problem of externalities
答案: when the number of interested parties is large and bargaining costs are high.
6、 Altering incentives so that people take account of the external effects of their actions
答案: all of the above.
7、 For private goods allocated in markets,
答案: prices guide the decisions of buyers and sellers and these decisions lead to an efficient allocation of resources.
8、 The provision of a public good generates a
答案: positive externality and the use of a common resource generates a negative externality.
9、 Goods that are not excludable include both
答案: common resources and public goods.
10、 The free-rider problem
答案: explains why many local governments supply public goods.
11、 In a market economy, government intervention
答案: may improve market outcomes in the presence of externalities
12、 An externality is an example of
答案: a market failure
13、 A cost imposed on someone who is neither the consumer nor the producer is called a
答案: negative externality
14、 Which of the following statements about a well-maintained yard best conveys the general nature of the externality
答案: A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the value of adjacent properties in the neighborhood
15、 Which of the following is not correct?
答案: Externalities cannot be positive
16、 When goods do not have a price, which of the following primarily ensures that the good is produced?
答案: government
17、 The provision of public goods gives rise to
答案: positive externalities
18、 Both public goods and common resources are
答案: nonexcludable
19、 When something of value has no price attached to it,
答案: externalities will be present
20、 If one person’s use of a good diminishes another person’s enjoyment of it, the good is
答案: rival in consumption
21、 Markets sometimes fail to allocate resources efficiently
答案: 正确
22、 When a transaction between a buyer and seller directly affects a third party, the effect is called an externality
答案: 正确
23、 Barking dogs cannot be considered an externality because externalities must be associated with some form of market exchange
答案: 错误
24、 Research into new technologies conveys neither negative externalities nor positive externalities
答案: 错误
25、 The social cost of pollution includes the private costs of the producers plus the costs to those bystanders adversely affected by the pollution
答案: 正确
26、 When firms internalize a negative externality, the market supply curve shifts to the left
答案: 正确
27、 Government subsidized scholarships are an example of a government policy aimed at correcting negative externalities associated with education
答案: 错误
28、 A congestion toll imposed on a highway driver to force the driver to take into account the increase in travel time she imposes on all other drivers is an example of internalizing the externality
答案: 正确
29、 The government can internalize externalities by taxing goods that have negative externalities and subsidizing goods that have positive externalities
答案: 正确
30、 Government intervention in the economy with the goal of promoting technology-producing industries is known as patent policy
答案: 错误
31、 A technology spillover is a type of negative externality
答案: 错误
32、 The concept of external cost is associated with a negative externality, but not with a positive externality
答案: 正确
33、 When market activity generates a negative externality, the level of output in the market equilibrium is lower than the socially optimal level
答案: 错误
34、 To determine the optimal level of output in a market with negative externalities, a benevolent social planner would look for the level of output at which private cost equals private value.
答案: 错误
35、 A good that is excludable but not rival is known as a club good
答案: 正确
36、 Concerts in arenas are not excludable because it is virtually impossible to prevent someone from seeing the show
答案: 错误
37、 A good that is excludable is one that someone can be prevented from using if she did not pay for it
答案: 正确
38、 Common resources and public goods have in common that they are not excludable and they are not rival in consumption
答案: 错误
39、 A free-rider is someone who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for it
答案: 正确
40、 Even economists who advocate small government agree that national defense is a good that the government should provide
答案: 正确
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