吠顾炭秒伦涕芒褥骸锤催非仑
Unit10
test10
1、单选题：
Read a text about ‘Wind Power in the US’ and answer some questions. Wind Power in the USPrompted by the oil crises of the 1970s, a wind-power industry flourished briefly in the United States. But then world oil prices dropped, and funding for research into renewable energy was cut. By the mid 1980s US interest in wind energy as a large-scale source of energy had almost disappeared. The development of wind power at this time suffered not only from badly designed equipment, but also from poor long-term planning, economic projections that were too optimistic and the difficulty of finding suitable locations for the wind turbines.Only now are technological advances beginning to offer hope that wind power will come to be accepted as a reliable and important source of electricity. There have been significant successes in California, in particular, where wind farms now have a capacity of 1500 megawatts, comparable to a large nuclear or fossil-fuelled power station, and produce 1.5 per cent of the state’s electricity.Nevertheless, in the US, the image of wind power is still distorted by early failures. One of the most persistent criticisms is that wind power is not a significant energy resource. Researchers at the Battelle Northwest Laboratory, however, estimate that today wind turbine technology could supply 20 per cent of the electrical power the country needs. As a local resource, wind power has even greater potential. Minnesota’s energy commission calculates that a wind farm on one of the state’s south western ridges could supply almost all that state’s electricity. North Dakota alone has enough sites suitable for wind farms to supply more than a third of all electricity consumed in the continental US.The prevailing notion that wind power is too costly results largely from early research which focused on turbines with huge blades that stood hundreds of metres tall. These machines were not designed for ease of production or maintenance, and they were enormously expensive. Because the major factors influencing the overall cost of wind power are the cost of the turbine and its supporting systems, including land, as well as operating and maintenance costs, it is hardly surprising that it was thought at the time that wind energy could not be supplied at a commercially competitive price. More recent developments such as those seen on California wind farms have dramatically changed the economic picture for wind energy. These systems, like installations in Hawaii and several European countries, have benefited from the economies of scale that come through standardised manufacturing and purchasing. The result has been a dramatic drop in capital costs: the installed cost of new wind turbines stood at $1000 per kilowatt in 1993, down from about $4000 per kilowatt in 1980, and continues to fall. Design improvements and more efficient maintenance programs for large numbers of turbines have reduced operating costs as well. The cost of electricity delivered by wind farm turbines has decreased from about 30 cents per kilowatt-hour to between 7 and 9 cents, which is generally less than the cost of electricity from conventional power stations. Reliability has also improved dramatically. The latest turbines run more than 95 per cent of the time, compared with around 60 per cent in the early 1980s. Another misconception is that improved designs are needed to make wind power feasible. Out of the numerous wind turbine designs proposed or built by inventors or developers, the propeller-blade type, which is based on detailed analytical models as well as extensive experimental data, has emerged as predominant among the more than 20,000 machines now in commercial operation world-wide. Like the gas-driven turbines that power jet aircraft, these are sophisticated pieces of rotating machinery. They are already highly efficient, and there is no reason to believe that other configurations will produce major benefits. Like other ways of generating electricity, wind power does not leave the environment entirely unharmed. There are many potential problems, ranging from interference with telecommunications to impact on wildlife and natural habitats. But these effects must be balanced against those associated with other forms of electricity generation. Conventional power stations impose hidden costs on society, such as the control of air pollution, the management of nuclear waste and global warming. As wind power has been ignored in the US over the past few years, expertise and commercial exploitation in the field have shifted to Europe. The European Union spends 10 times as much as the US government on research and development of wind energy. It estimates that at least 10 per cent of Europe’s electrical power could be supplied by land-based wind-turbines using current technology. Indeed, according to the American Wind Energy Association, an independent organisation based in Washington, Denmark, Britain, Spain and the Netherlands will each surpass the US in the generating capacity of wind turbines installed during the rest of the decade.1 Which one of the statements is true?
A: Cost was a big factor in preventing the development of wind power
B: Wind power can provide enough electricty for the United States
C: Some US states are powered solely by wind
D: Wind power has developed steadily since the 1970s.
答案: Cost was a big factor in preventing the development of wind power
2、单选题：
What is the general view of wind energy in the United States?
A: very positive
B: it can only provide small amounts of energy
C: it will reduce global warming
D: very negative
答案: it can only provide small amounts of energy
3、单选题：
Which of these factors has not contributed to the reduced cost of wind energy?
A: state subsidies
B: economies of scale
C: more efficient maintenance
D: standardisation of design
答案: state subsidies
4、单选题：
Wind turbine designs …
A: are already very good
B: will be much more efficient in the future
C: are expected to improve in the future
D: are good for the environment
答案: are already very good
5、单选题：
5 Wind energy is more developed in Europe than the USA
A: true
B: false
C: Not mentioned above
D: Not mentioned above
答案: true
UnitEightInternationalConference
Test8
1、单选题：
Which one of the following publications is NOT an academic journal?
A: 
B: 
C: 
D: 
答案:
2、单选题：
A __________ is usually a large-scale meeting attended by delegates of a certain organization.
A: conference
B: congress
C: convention
D: seminar
答案: congress
3、单选题：
Members of __________ of Asian Pacific Digestive Week 2015 are listed in the following image.
A: sponsors
B: organizers
C: the organizing committee
D: the academic committee
答案: the organizing committee
4、单选题：
According to the following conference program, the time slot allocated to parallel sessions on Day 1 is __________.
A: 09:10-10:35
B: 11:00-12:20
C: 14:20-16:20
D: 16:20-18:00
答案: 14:20-16:20
5、单选题：
The document explaining detailed paper submission requirements is a ________.
A: call for papers
B: conference notice
C: conference program
D: letter of invitation
答案: call for papers
6、单选题：
Invitation letters are usually sent by _________ to scholars and experts in the field and other prospective participants.
A: the organizing committee
B: the sponsor(s)
C: the coordinating committee
D: secretariat
答案: the organizing committee
7、单选题：
What is the difference between a conference CV and a common CV used in other academic contexts?
A: A conference CV is usually longer.
B: The information in a conference CV is always listed in a reversed chronological order.
C: The first person pronoun “I” and the second person pronoun “you” are often used in a conference CV.
D: A conference CV is written in the form of a paragraph or a short passage.
答案: A conference CV is written in the form of a paragraph or a short passage.
8、多选题：
Which are the most commonly used search engines when searching for information about a conference?
A: 
B: 
C: 
D: 
答案: ;;;
9、多选题：
Which of the following documents are conference literature?
A: 
B: 
C: 
D: 
答案: ;
10、多选题：
The organizers of the International Conference on Computing and Informatics 2006 are __________.
A: Computer Society
B: IBM
C: IEEE
D: TMNET
答案: Computer Society;
IEEE
11、多选题：
A conference notice is usually published __________ to inform the prospective participants of the details about the upcoming conference.
A: in conference proceedings
B: on academic journals
C: in invitation letters
D: on specialized conference websites
答案: on academic journals;
on specialized conference websites
12、多选题：
Apart from basic information of the conference such as the name of the conference, date and location, a call for papers/abstracts may focus on ________.
A: accommodation information
B: conference objectives
C: contact channels
D: topics to be discussed
答案: conference objectives;
contact channels;
topics to be discussed
13、多选题：
Letters of invitation published in academic journals usually include elements such as ________.
A: the specific addressee(s) of the letter
B: basic information of the conference such as the date, venue and theme
C: registration information
D: presentation requirements
答案: basic information of the conference such as the date, venue and theme;
registration information
14、多选题：
An academic CV may include ________.
A: publications and presentations
B: professional membership
C: research interests
D: teaching experiences
答案: publications and presentations;
professional membership;
research interests;
teaching experiences
15、判断题：
If you want to search for a specific conference in your research field, just type the name of your major or specialty together with the word “meeting” or “conference” in the search box of one search engine and then you’ll certainly find it.
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 错误
16、判断题：
In order to be informed of the conferences to be held in your research field, you can register a conference website and subscribe to your interested subject categories.
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 正确
17、判断题：
Most of professional organizations are open to all scholars and students who are interested in participating and who share their goals.
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 正确
18、判断题：
A conference can sometimes be comprised of several symposiums.
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 正确
19、判断题：
Your paper/abstract is usually submitted to and evaluated by the academic committee of the conference.
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 正确
20、判断题：
Keynote speeches are usually presented by famous experts of the research field on subjects generally interested by all participants of the conference.
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 正确
21、判断题：
You can always find paper/abstract submission instructions in a conference notice.
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 错误
22、判断题：
Your submission of paper/abstract to a conference is unlikely to be accepted if you don’t follow the instructions in the call for papers/abstracts.
A: 正确
B: 错误
答案: 正确
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